RESUMO Este estudo objetivou mapear e categorizar os instrumentos de avaliação psicossocial, com evidências psicométricas disponíveis, para idosos brasileiros. Por meio de uma scoping review, foram identificados 5.258 estudos e após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 237 estudos foram incluídos para síntese analítica. Parte dos dados extraídos foram apresentados em quatro blocos: Identificadores da revisão (informações sobre os estudos); População (informações sobre os participantes); Instrumentos Psicossociais (organizados por subcategorias); Propriedades psicométricas (tipo de evidência) para melhor descrição e compreensão. Destacaram-se 192 instrumentos que foram organizados em cinco subcategorias sendo, “Ansiedade, Depressão e Estresse”, “Atividade Física, Capacidade Funcional e Mobilidade”, “Inteligência e Cognição”, “Saúde, Bem-estar e Qualidade de Vida” e “Síndromes Geriátricas e Violência”. Este estudo não esgota as alternativas de instrumentos disponíveis para idosos brasileiros, mas possibilita uma visão mais ampliada, reunindo em uma única fonte, evidências que possam gerar reflexão e agregar para a pesquisa e a prática de todos os interessados pela temática.

Abstract This study aimed to map and categorize the psychosocial assessment instruments, with available psychometric evidence, for elderly Brazilians. Through a scoping review, 5.258 studies were identified and after applying the eligibility criteria, 237 studies were included for analytical synthesis. Part of the extracted data was presented in four blocks: Review identifiers (information about the studies); Population (information about the participants); Psychosocial Instruments (organized by categories); Psychometric properties (type of evidence). 192 instruments were highlighted, which were organized into five subcategories, being “Anxiety, Depression and Stress”, “Physical Activity, Ability to Work and Mobility”, “Intelligence and Cognition”, “Health, Well-Being and Quality of Life” and “Geriatric’s Syndromes and Violence”. This study does not exhaust the alternatives of instruments available to elderly Brazilians, but allows a broader view, gathering in a single source, evidence that can generate reflection and add to the research and practice of all those interested in the theme.

RESUMO Objetivo Acompanhar a expansão de células-tronco mesenquimais de cordão umbilical por dois marcadores clássicos de senescência, p16 (INK4A) e p21 (CDKN1A), usando métodos práticos, rápidos e com custo menor do que a técnica padrão-ouro de Western blotting, para avaliar sua aplicabilidade em laboratório. Métodos Células-tronco mesenquimais de cordão umbilical foram isoladas da geleia de Wharton e, após controle de qualidade e caracterização morfológica e imunofenotípica por citometria de fluxo, foram expandidas em cultura, até chegarem próximas à parada do ciclo celular (senescência replicativa). Resultados Foi feita a comparação entre células jovens, na passagem 5, e células pré-senescentes, na passagem 10, avaliando a expressão proteica dos marcadores clássicos de senescência celular p16 e p21, comparando os resultados obtidos por Western blotting com os obtidos por citometria de fluxo e imunofluorescência indireta. Conclusão O seguimento de culturas celulares, por meio da imunofluorescência indireta de p16, permite identificar as culturas de células-tronco mesenquimais de cordão umbilical em risco de atingirem a senescência replicativa.

ABSTRACT Objective To follow the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cords by two classic senescence markers, p16 (INK4A) and p21 (CDKN1A), using practical, fast, and less expensive methods than the gold standard Western blotting technique, to evaluate its applicability in the laboratory. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cords were isolated from Wharton’s jelly and, after quality control, morphological and immunophenotypic characterization by flow cytometry, were expanded in culture until coming close to cell cycle arrest (replicative senescence). Results A comparison was made between young cells, at passage 5, and pre-senescent cells, at passage 10, evaluating the protein expression of the classic cell senescence markers p16 and p21, comparing the results obtained by Western blotting with those obtained by flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. Conclusion Follow-up of cell cultures, through indirect p16 immunofluorescence, allows the identification of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord cultures at risk of reaching replicative senescence.

Brazilian aeronautical industries report that, due to the high mechanical properties presented commercially, AA2024-T351 alloy presents fissures and non-homogeneous deformations during the mechanical processing. This work proposes a manufacturing process capable of increasing the ductility of the material to withstand tensions during processing and a subsequent treatment to recover the mechanical strength of the alloy. The sequence of operations begins with the super-heat treatment at 415ºC 2.5 h, solubilization at 495ºC 2.0 h, mechanical conformation with a degree of area reduction from10% to 90% and artificial aging at 190ºC at times of 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. The results allowed to obtain an operational sequence where it is possible to form the alloy in the desired component, without loss of mechanical properties and structural defects, in the shortest time possible of heat treatment, reducing the manufacturing costs and increasing productivity.

The aluminum bronze alloy is part of a class of highly reliable materials due to high mechanical strength and corrosion resistence being used in the aerospace and shipbuilding industry. It's machined to produce parts and after its use cycle, it's discarded, but third process is considered expensive and besides not being correct for environment reasons. Thus, reusing this material through the powder metallurgy (PM) route is considered advantageous. The aluminum bronze chips were submitted to high energy ball milling process with 3% of niobium carbide (NbC) addition. The NbC is a metal-ceramic composite with a ductile-brittle behaviour. It was analyzed the morphology of powders by scanning electron microscopy as well as particle size it was determined. X ray diffraction identified the phases and the influence of milling time in the diffractogram patterns. Results indicates that milling time and NbC addition improves the milling efficiency significantly and being possible to obtain nanoparticles.